Belgium's 5 % threshold is measured per constituency, not across the whole country. How to calculate it, the number of votes required in six constituencies, and real cases from the 9 June 2024 election.
Can an MP also be a mayor? It depends on the assembly: no ban in the federal Parliament, a quarter of exceptions in Wallonia, a full ban in Brussels since December 2024.
Lost, forgotten or missing polling card in Belgium: the duplicate from your municipality, the ID to show, polling hours and the key dates for the 13 October 2030 municipal election.
60 appointed senators, none directly elected since 2014. Who decides in the Chamber, who decides in the Senate, and the matters on which both vote as equals: the procedures table.
List vote or preference vote? Since the Act of 27 December 2000, only half of list-box votes follow the list order. Step-by-step calculation, rules by authority, and both sides of the debate.
Belgium's cordon sanitaire is an agreement between parties with no legal force, paired on the French-speaking side with a binding media rule since 2012. Origins, texts, limits, the 2024 Ranst case.
Eleven constituencies for the Chamber, eleven for the Walloon Parliament, five plus Brussels for the Flemish one: how to find yours, how many seats it elects and who sets the number.
Proxy voting in Belgium: the seven accepted grounds, the supporting document you need, who can act as proxy, the deadlines and what to bring on election day.
How the state funds Belgian parties: a fixed 214,373.50 euros plus 3.66 euros per vote, a 500 euro donation cap, sponsoring rules, oversight and sanctions.
Formateur, informateur, government agreement, caretaker government, vote of no confidence: ten words from Belgian politics, each defined with a dated example, from the Arizona government to the 2010-2011 record.
Twelve lists won a seat in the Chamber of Representatives on 9 June 2024. Their full names, founding years, European family, and how many votes each of their seats cost.
Who can vote in Belgian municipal elections, how to register when you are not Belgian, the 31 July deadline and the next polling day on 13 October 2030.
Belgium combines a federal State, three Regions and three Communities, the product of six successive reforms. The institutional debate follows a Flanders-Wallonia divide: in the north, parties demand more autonomy, from confederalism to Flemish independence; in the south and on the left, parties defend the federal level, even refederalising powers such as healthcare. Two poles thus frame the axis: maintaining the federal State versus confederalism.
